Background: Mumps is a contagious viral infection that primarily affects children and young adults. The disease is characterized by swelling of the salivary glands, which causes pain and fever. Although the incidence of mumps has decreased in recent years due to vaccination, outbreaks continue to occur. Mumps can lead to serious complications, such as meningitis, encephalitis, and pancreatitis, particularly in unvaccinated individuals. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to understand the epidemiology, clinical features, and management of mumps in children is crucial for preventing and managing outbreaks. Methods: This hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric High Dependency and isolation, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh. This study enrolled and analyzed sixty patients from January 2019 to December 2021. Result: The majority of patients, 56.67%, were between 6-10 years old, 23.33% were between 1-5 years old, 13.33% were between 11-15 years old, and 6.67% were between 16-18 years old. The mean duration of illness was 9.0±2 days. Furthermore, 60% of patients experienced constitutional symptoms such as headache, myalgia, or fatigue. Cough and dysphagia were observed in 83.33% and 47% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: In conclusion, preventing mumps in children is crucial to reducing the disease burden in Bangladesh. Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent mumps, and the vaccine is available in the country's national immunization program. However, vaccine coverage must be improved to ensure that all children receive the vaccine.

Background: The caudal epidural block is an effective technique that is very common and popular in pediatric regional anesthesia practice. The conventional method of the caudal epidural block is not free of complication. The “no turn” technique is a very easy approach that reduces the risks associated with the conventional method. Aim of the study: Aim of the study was to evaluate the success rate and safety of the 'no turn technique' for caudal epidural block in pediatric patients. Methods: This is a prospective observational study; 440 patients were enrolled and analyzed. The study was carried out in the period of July 2018 to December 2018 at the Department of pediatric anesthesiology, Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh. All patients were attempted Ivani's no turn technique of caudal epidural block. Result: The mean time required to perform needle insertion was 0.8minutes.The technique was successfulin435 (98.86%)cases. The successful technique was considered as the needle was placed in caudal space with the absence of a bloody tap Subcutaneous placement of the needle after the first attempt occurred in two cases in the conventional method group and three cases in the new method group. No occurrence of duralpuncture. Among435 cases caudal was successful at the first attempt.3(0.68%) cases.1(0.23%) Patient needed second attempt and another1(0.23%) patient needed third attempt. The technique failed in 1(0.23%)case. Conclusion: Ivani's 'no turn technique' is an easy method with a high success rate and less complications.

Introduction: Plantar fasciitis is most common cause of chronic heel pain and it’s typically aggravated on weight bearing after a period of rest .Its diagnosis is mainly clinical and there are various modalities of treatment of this condition. We compare platelet rich plasma injection and intraregional steroid injection in long term pain relief in plantar fasciitis. Material and Methods: Patient of plantar fasciitis with symptoms lasting more than 6 weeks were included in study. Patients with other coexisting disease like diabetes mellitus, vascular insufficiency, hypothyroidism and previous surgery were excluded from disease. In this prospective double-blind study, 60 patients who fulfilled the criteria were divided randomly into two groups. Patients in Group A received PRP injection and those in Group B received steroid injection. Patients were assessed with visual analog scale (VAS) and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score. Assessment was done before injection, at six weeks, three months and six months follow-up after injection. Results : Mean VAS score in group A decreased from 6.14 to 1.10 after receiving PRP injection while in group B , Mean VAS score decreased from 8.20 to 1.40 at 3 months follow up. There was also statistical significant improvement in AOFAS score in PRP injection group as compared to steroid group at 6 months follow up. Conclusion : Both PRP and Steroid have benefit in relieving pain for short term however long term benefit is more seen in patient receiving PRP injection.