Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that impacts kidney function and disrupts various metabolic and endocrine systems, particularly thyroid hormone metabolism and lipid regulation. The interrelationship between CKD, thyroid dysfunction, and dyslipidemia contributes significantly to disease progression and cardiovascular risk. This study aims to evaluate the thyroid and lipid profiles of CKD patients across different stages and assess the association between thyroid dysfunction and lipid abnormalities.

Method: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at a tertiary care Hospital over six months. A total of 130 adult patients with CKD were classified into four stages based on the MDRD formula: Stage 1 (GFR > 60 ml/min/1.73m²), Stage 2-3 (GFR 30-59 ml/min/1.73m²), Stage 4 (GFR 15-29 ml/min/1.73m²), and Stage 5/End-Stage Renal Disease (GFR < 15 ml/min/1.73m²). Exclusion criteria included patients with thyroid disease, autoimmune disorders, active infections, malignancies, or those on thyroid or lipid-lowering medications. Thyroid and lipid profiles were measured using standard laboratory methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0, with a significance threshold of p < 0.05.

Results: Thyroid dysfunction, characterized by increasing TSH levels and decreasing Free T3 and Free T4 levels, was observed as CKD progressed. The lipid profile showed a significant increase in total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, with a decrease in HDL levels in advanced stages of CKD. A positive correlation was found between TSH levels and total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL, while Free T3 levels were negatively correlated with these lipid parameters. Duration of CKD and serum creatinine levels were also significantly associated with altered thyroid and lipid profiles.

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidemia are prevalent and worsen as CKD progresses, contributing to increased cardiovascular risk. The bidirectional relationship between thyroid dysfunction and lipid abnormalities in CKD highlights the need for regular monitoring of both parameters. Early identification and management of these metabolic disturbances can potentially reduce cardiovascular morbidity and slow the progression of kidney disease.