International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
2026, Volume-7, Issue 1 : 2586-2592 doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18814068
Research Article
Study the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with bronchial anthracosis and non-anthracosis in rural Haryana: A case-control hospital-based study
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Received
Jan. 21, 2026
Accepted
Feb. 8, 2026
Published
Feb. 23, 2026
Abstract

Anthracosis is caused by deposition of dark pigments in the tracheo-bronchial tree, which is inversely proportional to the amount of soot particle exposure in the prevailing atmosphere. Deposition is caused by iron, lead, cadmium, silica, phenol, hydrocarbon complexes. mainly exhibited the residents of coal miner and industrial areas. Objectives:1. Study the prevalence of Pulmonary tuberculosis by analyzing BAL (Bronchoalveolar lavage) CBNAAT (Cartridge based nucleic acid amplification test) among cases with Bronchial anthracosis. 2. Study the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis among patients with bronchial anthracosis by estimating odd ratios. Material & Method: A case-control study was conducted in the Department of Respiratory Medicine, at BPS GMC (W), Delhi NCR region, where sputum negative suspected patients underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and BAL was sent for CBNAAT for confirmation of tuberculosis. Results: Total of 1168 patients who were suspected of tuberculosis had undergone video bronchoscopy and BAL was taken. The average age of male/female in our study was 46.1 and 46.2 years. 14.5% among 96 anthracotic subjects and 7.3% among non anthracotic subjects were found to have tuberculosis through BAL Cbnaat, Odds ratio was 2.303 being  CI 95% (1.246, 4.25) in our study. Conclusion: Anthracosis is a complication of Tobacco smoking as well as environmental pollution that have a deep impact on host immunity as per previous research and will increase the chance to develop chronic infection like tuberculosis in this part of the world. Present study will be helpful to execute the working guideline to control the triggering factor of pulmonary tuberculosis by taking measures in that direction.

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