Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause a number of diseases, such as pneumonia, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and urinary tract infections. Depending on the infection site, the symptoms of Klebsiell apneumoniae infection vary. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of the ESBL enzymes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using phenotypic techniques from various hospital wards and the identification of ESBL resistance genes such as CTX, TEM and SHV.

Method: Different clinical samples from a tertiary care hospital were used to obtain Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, which were then identified using a conventional disc diffusion technique and Combined double disc method, ESBLs were screened. The CTX, TEM, and SHV genes were genotypically detected using Multiplex PCR in accordance with the recommended procedure.

Result: The pattern of Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the most resistant antibiotics include, CAZ (76.67%), CTX(74.07%), CXM(72.67%), followed by TOB(72%), and PIT (67%). Out of 150 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, ESBL Combined double disc method positive are ceftazidime+clavulinicacid115 (74.7%) and, cefotaxime+clavulinic acid positive, 112 (74.7%). By using the Multiplex PCR technique, the CTX and SHV and TEM genes were 65.3% 51.3% and41.3% recorded respectively.

Conclusion: Most Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates that produced ESBLs have the CTX gene.