Background: The distribution of blood groups within population is crucial for blood transfusion safety and understanding potential health risks associated with various blood types. This study addresses the research gap concerning the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among school-going children in the Jammu region of India, aiming to explore potential gender-based differences in these distributions. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Acharya Shri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Jammu, involving 200 randomly selected school-going children aged 6 to 15 years. Blood samples were collected and analysed to determine ABO and Rh blood groups using standard serological techniques. The data was statistically analysed using SPSS software, with chi-square tests employed to assess gender differences. Results: The study revealed that 38.0% of participants belonged to blood group O, followed by B (31.5%), A (22.0%), and AB (8.5%). Gender-wise analysis indicated no significant differences in ABO blood group distribution (P=0.9839), while 93.0% of participants were Rh-positive, with a slight female predominance in Rh-positive status. Conclusion and Implications: This study enhances the understanding of blood group distribution patterns, essential for optimizing blood transfusion services and evaluating disease susceptibility in the region. These findings have significant implications for local healthcare planning and blood bank management, ensuring the availability of compatible blood products and reducing transfusion-related risks.