Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by motor symptoms such as bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity, and postural instability, alongside various non-motor symptoms. The prevalence of PD increases with age, particularly between ages 85 and 89, and exhibits a male predominance. Sleep disturbances affect 64% of PD patients, yet less than half report these issues to healthcare providers. Sleep disorders, including insomnia, restless legs syndrome (RLS), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD), excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), and circadian rhythm disorders, substantially worsen non-motor symptoms and reduce quality of life. Neurodegenerative processes and dopaminergic dysfunction play critical roles in these sleep disturbances. Additionally, medications, co-morbidities, and genetic factors contribute to disrupted sleep patterns in PD. |