International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
2024, Volume-5, Issue-5 doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13953768
Original Research Article
Histomorphological Spectrum of Mucormycosis in Post Covid Patients
Published
Oct. 19, 2024
Abstract

Introduction: The world faced deadly Covid-19 virus which was declared as Pandemic by WHO in March 2020. Covid-19 is known to be associated with immune dysregulation, which is further worsened by comorbidities & by widespread use of immunosuppressive agents and antibiotics.In our study, we studied the morphological spectrum of mucormycosis in Covid-19 patients and the causal relationship of mucormycosis with various clinicopathological factors. Material and Methods: An observational study conducted at tertiary care center from January 2021 to July 2021, 156 patients with histologically proven cases of mucormycosis were included in this study and concurrent or prior history of Covid-19 then obtained along with treatment given. Special stains were performed wherever necessary. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS statistics version 20. Results: Out of 156 cases 73% (n=114) were male and 26% (n=42) were female. Most of the patients were in the age group of 51-60 years. Out of 156 cases, 68% (n=106) were diabetic, 20.5% (n=32) had hypertension, 9% (n=14) had diabetes with hypertension and 11.5% (n=18) had no comorbidity. Steroid therapy was received by 64.1% (n=100) patients, of which 52% (n=81) were on oral steroids, 12.2% (n=19) were on iv steroids, 14.8% (n=23) were not on steroid therapy and conclusive history about steroid intake was not available in 21.1% (n=33). Other important findings in our study include, history of receiving O2 therapy was given by 62.1% (n=97) patients, lymphopenia was found in 48% (n=75) patients. Statistically significant association of mucormycosis was found with diabetes mellitus and steroid use. Morphologically, 92.9% (n=145) cases showed mucormycosis alone and 7% (n=11) cases had additional infection by aspergillus. Rare morphological features like conidial heads, bony invasion, perineural invasion and granuloma formation were also seen.Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of secondary fungal infections is essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality in patients with underlying comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus. Role of special stains is vital in highlighting the fungal hyphae with atypical morphology and in tiny necrotic biopsies.

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