Objective: The aim of present study was designed to ascertain the percentage of occurrence and cause of pancytopenia. Materials and Methods: A total of 232 patients fulfilled the criteria for Pancytopenia. Out of them 186 were subjected to Bone marrow examination and regular follow up and we have restricted our studies with them. Results: Most of the patients were ranged between 12 to 75 years of age with male preponderance and were seen in third decade of life. Commonest cause of pancytopenia was megaloblastic anemia Seen in 148 cases (79.56%) followed by hypersplenism due to kala-azar in 18 cases (9.67%) and in non-hodgkin'slymphoma 03(1.61%) cases. Pallor was seen in most cases. Massive splenomegaly was seen in kala azar, malaria. Hepatosplenomegaly was seen in many cases of megaloblastic anemia. In peripheral blood smear examination anisopoikilocytosis was the predominant finding of megaloblastic anemia, hypersplenism due to kala- azar and malaria. Conclusion: Bone marrow examination was of diagnostic value to the patients with pancytopenia. So, any case of anemia detailed study on physical finding, peripheral blood picture and for conformation bone marrow aspiration was done.