Background: Postoperative infections remain a significant challenge in obstetrics and gynecological surgeries, leading to increased hospital stays and healthcare costs. Antibiotic prophylaxis aims to reduce microbial colonization during surgery. This study compares the effectiveness of short-term and long-term antibiotic regimens in preventing infections following elective caesarean sections and abdominal hysterectomies. Methods: An interventional prospective study was conducted over a year with 100 participants. Group 1 (50 patients) received a short-term regimen of ceftriaxone, while Group 2 (50 patients) underwent a long-term regimen. Key metrics, including wound infection rates, febrile morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and the need for additional antibiotics, were analyzed. Results: Wound infections were more frequent in Group 1 (14%) compared to Group 2 (2%), with febrile morbidity similarly higher in Group 1 (16% vs. 4%). The mean hospital stay was significantly shorter for Group 1 (3.12 days vs. 5.24 days). However, Group 2 demonstrated better infection control overall. Conclusion: While both regimens were effective, the short-term regimen was associated with reduced hospital stay and costs but increased infection rates. Long-term antibiotics offered superior infection control but at the expense of prolonged hospitalization and higher risk of nosocomial infections. Patient selection remains critical in determining the appropriate prophylactic approach.