In 2020, the incidence of low birth weight (LBW) was 27.6%. The high rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality in our country are largely attributed to factors such as poor nutrition, inadequate healthcare, and limited education for female children, early teenage marriages, frequent pregnancies, maternal malnutrition, fewer antenatal visits, and a history of adverse obstetric outcomes. These factors significantly contribute to the increased prevalence of LBW. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between maternal haemoglobin levels and LBW.A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a total of 420 babies born at Sri Siddhartha Medical College and Hospital Research Centre in Tumkur over a period of 24 months. The study found that haemoglobin levels, and iron and folic acid supplementation were all positively associated with low birth weight (LBW) babies. The occurrence of low birth weight (LBW) is influenced by multiple maternal factors, highlighting the complexity of its causes. To reduce LBW rates, it is essential to address these factors through health education, socioeconomic development, and improving maternal nutrition during pregnancy.