Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to have significant repercussions on bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition. We aimed to evaluate BMD and body composition alterations across different stages of CKD.

Methods: A hospital based Observational study was carried out in 120 patients in the Department of Medicine, Assam Medical College & Hospital, Dibrugarh for a period of one year from 1st July, 2021 to 30th June, 2022.  BMD at the femur neck and lumbar spine was evaluated using Z-scores. Body composition was assessed focusing on sarcopenia prevalence and body fat percentage across CKD stages.

Results: In our study, based on the Z-score at the femur neck, 45% of participants had osteopenia, with a slightly higher prevalence in females (23.33%) compared to males (21.67%). Osteoporosis was identified in 31.67% of the cases, with females (16.67%) again slightly outnumbering males (15%). About 23.33% of the cases had a normal Z-score, with males (15.83%) being more than females (7.50%).When assessing the Z-score at the lumbar spine, results showed a different distribution. Osteopenia was present in 43.34% of the cases, with females (24.17%) being more affected than males (19.17%). Osteoporosis was seen in 17.5% of the participants, with a nearly equal distribution between males (8.33%) and females (9.17%).From the total cohort of 120 patients, 54% were diagnosed with sarcopenia. Additionally, the mean fat mass varied slightly across stages 3, 4, and 5 of CKD but remained relatively consistent, with readings of 17.13±4.24, 16.71±3.49, and 16.95±4.83 respectively.

Conclusion: CKD exerts a substantial impact on bone health, with increasing prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis in advanced CKD stages. Additionally, a high prevalence of sarcopenia across CKD stages was observed, underscoring the necessity for comprehensive musculoskeletal management in CKD patients.