International Journal of Medical and Pharmaceutical Research
2024, Volume-5, Issue-4 doi: 10.5281/zenodo.12804199
Original Research Article
A Study of Quality of Life and Problems Faced by People Living With Blindness in Organizations Working For the Welfare and /Or Rehabilitation for the Blind in Delhi
Published
July 24, 2024
Abstract

Introduction:According to the World Health Organization blindness is defined as "visual acuity of less than 3/60, or a corresponding visual field loss to less than 10 degree, in the better eye with the best possible correction" [1]. The National Program for Control of Blindness (NPCB) was renamed as National Program for Control of Blindness and Visual Impairment in 2017 also the definition of blindness was adopted in accordance with the definition that is used by the World Health Organization which is" presenting distance visual acuity less than 3/60 (20/400) in the better eye and limitation of field of vision to be less than 10 degree from centre of fixation” [3, 4]. WHO defines Quality of Life as "an individual’s perception of their position of life in the context of the culture and value systems in which they live and in relation to their goals, expectations, standards and concerns.” [4] From the patient's own perspective the impact of the disease or disability on their life helps give a holistic view of assessment of QoL. QoL can also provide decisionmaking in health care at the micro and macro [5]. Understanding the challenges faced by blind people on a regular basis in their lives from their own perspective and their own experiences is important to help orient and improverehabilitation services, health care services and governmentschemesthat are more responsive to the needs of the blindpersons in the community. Methodology: The present study was a cross-sectional, descriptive study conducted in non-governmental organizations that were working for the welfare and /or rehabilitation for the blind in Delhi. The study population consisted of blind residents, people with blindness who were employed at organizations and blind people receiving vocational training at organizations working for the welfare and /or rehabilitation for the blind. Findings: Out of total 215 participants, most of the participants were male. Majority of them were in the age group 18 - 25 years. Most of the participants were unmarried or single (79.1%) and (20.9%) of the participants were married. Most of the participants had received secondary education and very few them had received higher education. Most of them (79.1%) were unemployed and were receiving vocational training in order to get employed. Only 20.9% of the participants were employed /working. Most of the participants had below average income (52.6%), 3.2% had average income and the remaining (44.2%) had well below average income. The mean overall quality of life of the participants was 3.30 ±0.935. The quality of life of the male participants was significantly higher than the female participants. The quality of life of the participants who had congenital blindness was significantly higher than those participants who had acquired blindness. The quality of life was also higher among participants that had received higher education, and were employed /working. Conclusion:Low education, unemployment/not working and being unmarried was associated with poor quality of life. The quality of life was positive in the social domain, spiritual domain and the psychological domain. The physical domain score was low. The domain with low scores were level of independence and environment. Transport was a major obstacle in their view and most of them them felt that public transport was not friendly and needed to be improved. Therefore there is a need to focus on making public transport more user friendly and creating more job opportunities for the blind. Recommendations: Planning for providing services to blind should focus primarily ontransport, improvement in the range and quality of vocational training and skills provided for securing employment and creating more job opportunities as these were the areas which the blind people felt posed maximum hurdles in their lives. There is a need for more information, education and communication campaigns to provide more awareness and sensitization to the public regarding blindness so that there is ideally no or minimum possible stigma and more acceptance of blind persons. In the workplace, they should be sensitization so that there is more acceptance of people with disability like the blind.

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