Background: An extremely endemic tropical infectious disease that is rapidly spreading over the globe is dengue fever. Chronic inflammation has been connected to diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the current study was to examine the severity of dengue infection in populations with and without diabetes.

Methods: 48 patients with dengue infection—24 with diabetes and 24 without—were the subjects of a prospective observational research. The research entailed gathering information on dengue patients, including biochemical tests, medical histories, and demographics.

Results: Dengue-infected individuals with diabetes showed greater CRP{interquartile range(21.5-43),median of 35}vs non diabetic {interquartile range(4-34.5),median of 5}

Conclusion: In conclusion the results indicate greater levels of CRP in diabetics than non diabetics hence increase in morbidity and mortality

A common ailment in intensive care units (ICUs), hypernatremia presents serious hazards to the physiological balance of patients and can sharply increase the death rate of critically ill patients. To determine if the cause of this electrolyte imbalance is an excess of sodium consumption or a lack of free water availability, a thorough clinical evaluation and urine electrolyte testing are frequently required. Careful monitoring of salt-to-water ratios becomes crucial in the complicated setting of intensive care units (ICUs), where patients may suffer from cognitive deficits that compromise natural physiological mechanisms such as thirst management. In order to properly treat hypernatremia, healthcare professionals—especially intensivists—play a crucial role in assuring watchful surveillance and prompt action. Treatment strategies typically involve the administration of free water and/or diuretics to enhance salt excretion, with correction rates carefully tailored to the individual patient's condition to mitigate risks such as cerebral edema. This multifaceted approach to managing hypernatremia underscores the importance of a coordinated and interdisciplinary effort in ICUs to optimize patient care and outcomes while minimizing potential complications associated with electrolyte disturbances.

Effective sedation is crucial for pediatric patients undergoing CT scans, however the use of intramuscular dexmedetomidine for this purpose hasn't been extensively explored. Our aim was to assess the efficacy and safety of intramuscular dexmedetomidine for sedation and anxiety relief during CT imaging in pediatric patients. We reviewed 30 cases of children aged 4-14 undergoing non-contrast CT Scan, who received single or multiple doses of 1 mcg/kg intramuscular dexmedetomidine to achieve a minimum Ramsay sedation score of 4.We analyzed patient demographics, diagnoses, vital signs, adverse events, and outcomes. Our findings indicate that all 30 children successfully underwent CT Scan under intramuscular dexmedetomidine sedation, with an average dose of 2.55±0.55 μg and an average time to achieve a minimum Ramsay sedation score of 4 of 14.07±0.88  minutes. Importantly, there were no significant changes in heart rates and mean arterial pressures from baseline values. In conclusion, intramuscular dexmedetomidine proves to be an effective and safe sedation option for pediatric patients undergoing non-contrast CT scan, offering an alternative approach that does not require intravenous access

Introduction: The supraspinatus plays an important role in GH joint stability and is responsible for initiating abduction and rotation of the joint as well as compression at lower elevation angles. Tears of the rotator cuff ( Supraspinatus) of the shoulder are potentially painful and disabling conditions. The person with a Supraspinatus tear can have a sudden (acute/traumatic) or gradual (chronic) onset of shoulder pain with or without weakness. Treatments for Supraspinatus tears vary widely depending upon the severity of symptoms and signs.

Material and Methods:. A prospective study design was carried out from the month of April 2022 to December 2023, 20 patients were included in this study and  have been followed up till December 2023 and the functional outcome was measured based on constant- Murley shoulder outcome score.

Results:.  90% of the patients had excellent to good outcomes. Preoperative constant-murley score on an average was 56-70 points with a mean of 68 and postoperavtive constant- murley shoulder outcome score of 86-100 points with a mean of 98 showing excellent results. Suture anchor repairs restored supraspinatus mechanical properties after 8 postoperative weeks. All patients have resorted back to routine work after 4 months period.

Conclusion: Open Supraspinatus repair with Suture anchors procedure offers a good surgical method of management of Supraspinatus tendon tear and to restore the functional outcome. Anchor repair provided better initial tensile strength and early mobilization of patient.

Background: Sudden death is defined by WHO as “Deaths within 24 hours from the onset of the symptoms.” Sudden death is a traumatic event for the family, it has huge social and psychological consequences and is also a major contributor to years of life lost among the young. The causes of sudden death differ greatly among various age groups and it includes cardiovascular causes, pulmonary causes like thromboembolism, anaphylaxis, severe pneumonia, other causes like intracranial haemorrhage, gastrointestinal causes etc.

Aim: To study and classify the underlying causes of sudden death.

Materials and Method: A review of autopsy cases of sudden death was performed between August 2023 to December 2023 at the department of pathology, SMIMER medical college, Surat. Out of 210 total autopsy cases received during that period, 50 cases(23.8%) were studied for sudden deaths. Specimens were fixed in 10% formalin for fixation, grossing was done and representative sections were taken. Tissue processing was done according to standard protocol, routine Haematoxylin and Eosin staining was done and special stain was done whenever required.

Results: Out of 210 total autopsy cases received from August 2023 to December 2023, 50 cases(23.8%) were studied for  sudden deaths. The age group with most cases of sudden death was 45 – 59 years. Males(88%) were affected more than female (12%)with male to female ratio of 7.3:1. The most common cause of sudden death comprised of cardiac causes(60%),in which CAD consists of 54% followed by myocarditis-04% and Cardiomyopathy- 02%, while deaths by respiratory causes(6%) comprises of deaths due to pneumonia(4%) and Tuberculosis of lung (2%),other systemic causes(4%) consists of cirrhosis of liver (hepatobiliary system-2%) and leukemia(Hematopoietic system-2%).

Conclusion: Meticulous autopsy and proper histopathological examination play an important role to find out the cause of sudden death.The most common cause of sudden death is attributed to cardiac causes. This study makes us aware about the serious health issues faced by our society.

A 55-year-old woman presented with symptomatic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) of the right hypoglossal nerve, characterized by six months of pain radiating to the right ear, headaches, and swelling over the submandibular region. Initial diagnosis was confirmed through a biopsy, and the treatment regimen included surgical resection followed by radiation therapy.

About half of MPNSTs, an uncommon kind of soft tissue sarcoma, are linked to a mutation in Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), with the remaining cases being random. Because these tumors are rare and aggressive, they frequently pose difficulties for diagnosis and treatment. This case presents a unique clinical setting due to the unusual involvement of the hypoglossal nerve.

A multidisciplinary strategy is usually used in the therapy of MPNST, with surgery serving as the main treatment to establish local control. In order to lower the chance of recurrence, radiation therapy is frequently used after surgery. Depending on the patient's state and the behavior of the tumor, chemotherapy might be considered in some circumstances.

This case highlights the necessity of considering MPNST in differential diagnoses for patients with similar symptoms, particularly in those with NF1. Early detection and comprehensive treatment are essential for improving patient outcomes in such complex and rare malignancies.

Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures worldwide. Laparoscopic hernia repair has gained popularity due to its potential benefits, but its superiority over open repair remains controversial.

Objective: To compare the outcomes of laparoscopic versus open hernia repair in patients with primary, unilateral, reducible inguinal hernias.

Methods: This prospective, randomized single-center study included 100 patients who were randomly allocated to either laparoscopic (n=50) or open (n=50) hernia repair. Postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, hospital stay, return to normal activities, complications, and recurrence rates were assessed.

Results: Laparoscopic repair was associated with significantly lower postoperative pain scores at 24 hours (3.8 ± 1.6 vs. 5.2 ± 1.8, p<0.001), 48 hours (2.6 ± 1.4 vs. 4.1 ± 1.7, p<0.001), and 7 days (1.4 ± 1.1 vs. 2.5 ± 1.3, p<0.001). The laparoscopic group had a shorter hospital stay (1.6 ± 0.8 vs. 2.4 ± 1.1 days, p<0.001) and faster return to normal activities (10.2 ± 3.6 vs. 15.8 ± 4.2 days, p<0.001). The incidence of chronic pain was lower in the laparoscopic group at 3 months (4% vs. 16%, p=0.04) and 6 months (2% vs. 12%, p=0.05). Recurrence rates were similar between the groups at 2 years (4% vs. 6%, p=0.65).

Conclusion: Laparoscopic hernia repair is associated with reduced postoperative pain, shorter hospital stay, faster recovery, and lower rates of chronic pain compared to open repair, with similar recurrence rates at 2 years. These findings support the use of laparoscopic repair as the preferred approach for primary, unilateral, reducible inguinal hernias.

Background: Leptospirosis remains a vital health concern in tropical regions, with varying clinical presentations, complications, and outcomes. This study offers a comprehensive insight into leptospirosis diagnosed at the Karwar Institute of Medical Sciences.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of 50 patients diagnosed between January 2020 and December 2021 was conducted. Clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, complications, and outcomes were documented and analyzed.

Results: Predominance was observed among 21-40 year-olds (50%) and males (70%). Major exposure routes included water-related activities (40%), animal contact (30%), and agricultural work (20%). Clinical presentation primarily comprised fever (90%), muscle pain (80%), and jaundice (50%). Laboratory diagnostics revealed an average ELISA titer of 1:800 and a slightly elevated mean WBC count of 11.2 x10^9/L. Renal failure emerged as a significant complication (20%). Patient outcomes depicted 64% recovering without complications, while 2% mortality was recorded. Multivariate analysis identified age above 40, jaundice at presentation, and thrombocytopenia as potent risk factors for severe complications.

Conclusion: Leptospirosis in the Karwar region presents unique demographic and clinical patterns. While the findings echo global trends in many respects, distinct regional characteristics necessitate tailored interventions. Comprehensive awareness, early diagnosis, and targeted treatment strategies are imperative to manage and mitigate the disease's impact effectively.

Background: Any hole in the abdominal wall in the midline (vertical center) is considered a small-ventral hernia. There are two types: natural (primary) and learned (secondary). Epigastric hernia, which affects the stomach area, Umbilical hernia, which affects the belly button, and Incisional hernia, which affects the abdominal wall, are the three most common types of small-ventral hernia. Objective: To conduct a comparative analysis between laparoscopic e-TEP and IPOM techniques for small-ventral hernia repair. Methods:The present investigation was conducted as a prospective observational comparative study. The study's sample size consisted of 30 participants, with 15 instances sourced from e-TEP and the remaining 15 cases sourced from IPOM. The trial duration spanned from December 2020 to December 2022. The study employed a stratified sample strategy, which involved establishing an age eligibility condition for the respondents. The participants who underwent hernia repair treatment were included in this study through a random selection process. Results: The e-TEP group had a shorter operative time of 105.32 ± 21.44 days compared to the IPOM group's 73.83 ± 6.35 days. There were no intraoperative problems and no drains were inserted. Patients in the e-TEP group experienced a significant reduction in pain levels at both 12-hour and 24-hour time points, while the IPOM Plus group had a higher cumulative parenteral analgesia demand. The mean hospital stay was 1.11 days, significantly less than the IPOM Plus group's 1.7 days. No surgical site infections, postoperative ileus, or mesh infections were observed. Three patients had asymptomatic postoperative seroma, and conservative management was employed. No readmissions occurred in the IPOM Plus group, but two patients in the e-TEP group were admitted due to recurrence within a 6-month follow-up period. Both patients were treated using the IPOM Plus technique, and adhesiolysis procedures were successfully performed without intestinal injury. Conclusion:The e-TEP treatment is a dynamic technique that can be likened to IPOM Plus in relation to factors like as postoperative discomfort, painkiller usage, mesh expenses, and duration of hospitalization.

Excessive dynamic airway collapse (EDAC) is a condition characterized by significant airway narrowing, often mistaken for asthma or COPD. This case study highlights a 35-year-old woman with chronic cough and wheezing, resistant to standard treatments. Through bronchoscopy, EDAC (>90%) was diagnosed, exacerbated by a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Treatment involved serial bronchial dilatation and NIPPV, resulting in symptom relief. EDAC, frequently underdiagnosed, warrants consideration in patients with refractory respiratory symptoms, especially those with past tuberculosis. Dynamic bronchoscopy remains the gold standard for diagnosis, guiding tailored management strategies ranging from conservative to surgical interventions.

This article aims to provide a remark on the second Metabolic Health Conference (MHC2), which was recently held from April 26 to 28, 2024. The authors are researchers who participated in MHC-2 as speakers and wanted to provide a remark which should reach diverse professionals and members of the public. The authors formulate this remark by using their personal experience at the conference and critically reflecting on the relevant scientific literature. This article finds the following.

While India  needs novel approaches to  address  its increasing  metabolic health issues, and  while  adopting such  approaches is  challenging, the Metabolic  Health Conferences (MHCs) serve as a promising hope. Moreover, the first Metabolic Health Conference (MHC-1) and MHC-2 fill the gap of roughly 115 years, as within this span,  it is hard to find a conference exclusively dedicated to discussing the low-carbohydrate approach in light of diabetes and metabolic syndrome in India.

Additionally, because of MHC-1 and MHC-2, for the first time in the history of the Indian low-carbohydrate movement, numerous stakeholders—researchers, doctors, health professionals, and organisations—across the globe united to discuss the lowcarbohydrate approach in light of the Indian population's diverse metabolic health issues. These conferences are an essential resource for contemporary and future researchers and practitioners. Therefore, MHC-1 and MHC-2 are pivotal in reshaping Indian public health

Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) pose a significant challenge in diabetes care,with varying treatments available. This study compared the efficacy of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (NPWT) with traditional dressings in DFUs management. Methods: A prospective, randomized comparative study was conducted involving 120
patients with DFUs, divided equally between NPWT and traditional dressings groups. The primary outcomes measured were healing time, wound healing rates at 4, 8, and 12 weeks, infection rates, and incidence of complications. Results: NPWT significantly reduced the mean healing time to 6.8 weeks compared to 9.5 weeks for traditional dressings (p < 0.001). Healing rates at 4, 8, and 12 weeks were significantly higher in the NPWT group (30%, 60%, and 78%, respectively) compared to the traditional dressings group (18%, 40%, and 58%, respectively) with p-values of 0.045, 0.03, and 0.023. The NPWT group also showed a lower infection rate (10% vs. 25%, p =
0.015) and fewer complications, including rates of gangrene (3.3% vs. 10%, p = 0.038) and amputation (1.7% vs. 8.3%, p = 0.042). Conclusion: NPWT offers significant advantages over traditional dressings in the management of DFUs, including faster healing, higher healing rates, reduced infection rates, and lower incidence of severe complications. These findings support the preference for NPWT in DFU treatment protocols, considering individual patient conditions.

Background : Oligohydramnios is one of the major causes of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The sonographic diagnosis of oligohydramnios is usually based on an AFI≤5
cm or on a single deepest pocket of amniotic fluid≤2 cm.Our study was aimed to study the perinatal outcome in oligohydramnios. Aim and objective were to study maternal
outcome in the form of mode of delivery, and to assess neonatal complications in terms of APGAR score at birth, NICU admission rates, meconium stained liquor in oligohydramnios. Methods: This prospective study was done among 90 patients with gestational age from 28 - 42wks with Oligohydramnios AFI<5cms with intact membranes were analysed for perinatal outcomes admitted at department of obstetrics and Gynaecology in maharajah’s institute of medical sciences, vizianagaram during June 2022 to January 2024. Results: Mean maternal age is 26.1 years. Incidence of oligohydramnios was more in primipara (61.1%) in our study. Most AFI was in the range of 4-5 cm in53.3%. Operative delivery (63%)is more common with most common cause is fetal distress(23.3%).Most of them have clear liquor(60%) and mostly delivered at early term (43.3%).Most of them are born with birth weight of 2.5k kg to 2.9 kg (38.8%) and with APGAR >7 (83%) in most cases. Most common cause of NICU admission is
meconium aspiration syndrome (8.88%). Conclusion: AFI is an important and convenient screening test for prediction of perinatal outcome. In presence of oligohydramnios, the risk of fetal distress, operative delivery, low Apgar score, low birth weight, perinatal morbidity and mortality are more. Hence early detection of oligohydramnios, associated antenatal risk factors and timely management can improve the maternal and fetal outcome.

Introduction: Signet ring cell carcinoma is a rare subtype of colorectal cancer with distinct clinical behavior. We present a case of large bowel obstruction secondary to signet ring cell carcinoma of the descending colon. Case Presentation: A middle-aged multiparous female presented with a 15-day history of progressive abdominal pain, constipation, vomiting, and fever. Imaging revealed nearcomplete luminal obstruction of the descending colon. Exploratory laparotomy with left hemicolectomy was performed. Histopathology confirmed signet ring cell carcinoma with serosal invasion and lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: This case highlights the aggressive nature of signet ring cell carcinoma and the importance of prompt diagnosis and treatment. Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for this rare entity in patients presenting with large bowel obstruction.

Background: Distal third tibial fractures are challenging to treat due to the limited soft tissue coverage and the proximity to the ankle joint. This study aimed to compare the clinical, functional, and radiological outcomes of intramedullary nailing (IMN) and minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosynthesis (MIPPO) for distal third tibial fractures. Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted, including 36 patients with distal third tibial fractures (AO/OTA 43-A1, A2, A3). Patients were randomly allocated to either the IMN group (n=18) or the MIPPO group (n=18) and followed up for 12 months. The primary outcome was time to union, and secondary outcomes included functional scores (AOFAS and OMAS), complications, and radiographic parameters. Results: The mean time to union was significantly shorter in the IMN group compared to the MIPPO group (16.2 ± 3.4 weeks vs 18.6 ± 4.1 weeks, p=0.042). There were no significant differences in functional scores, complications, or radiographic outcomes between the groups. Subgroup analysis based on fracture classification showed no significant differences between the groups. Multivariate analysis identified smoking status, fracture severity, and treatment group as significant factors influencing time to union. Conclusion: IMN was associated with a shorter time to union compared to MIPPO in the treatment of distal third tibial fractures, with similar functional outcomes and complication rates. These findings suggest that IMN may be the preferred treatment option, especially in non-smokers and less severe fracture types. Future research should focus on larger, multicenter trials with longer follow-up periods to confirm these findings and assess long-term outcomes.

Black Phenyl is widely used as a germicide in homes, hospitals, offices and other places for cleaning of floors and other surfaces. Due to its easy availability suicidal attempts by its ingestion is increasingly being reported. Often considered to be of little consequences, phenyl poisoning can be life threatening as it contains a mixture of coaltar acids and phenolic compounds which can result in death due to respiratory or cardiovascular failure within a few hours. Rarely it can result in HemolyticAnemia due to Intravascular Hemolysis following inhalation, ingestion or absorption of phenyl through skin. Here we report a case where a 20 years old female patient developed severe Intravascular Hemolysis after consuming around 50 ml of black phenyl.

Rupture uterus is a tear in the uterine wall. there are two types of uterine rupture: complete, incomplete. Common causes are previous cesarian section and randmultiparity, obstructed labor etc. Aim of this study is to identify incidence, risk factors and fetomaternal outcome in KING GEORGE HOSPITAL, ANDHRA MEDICAL COLLEGE, VISHAKHAPATNAM over a period of 1year from October 2022 to September 2023.In this study incidence is 0.7%,most common risk factor is previous cesarian section. with maternal mortality of 7.2% among rupture uterus patients. It can beprevented by proper counselling of patients regarding regular antenatal checkups and family planning services and early referral to higher centers

Objective: To investigate the association between metformin use and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) aged above 40 years. Methods:   A cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 T2DM patients (35 metformintreated and 15 non-metformin-treated) aged above 40 years. Serum vitamin B12 levels were measured, and vitamin B12 deficiency was defined as levels 10 years was significantly associated with an increased risk of vitamin B12 deficiency (adjusted OR: 5.18, 95%   CI: 1.16-23.12, p=0.031). Conclusion: Metformin use is significantly associated with vitamin B12 deficiency in T2DM patients aged above 40 years. Regular monitoring of vitamin B12 levels and consideration of vitamin B12 supplementation are recommended for T2DM patients receiving long-term metformin therapy.

Background:The elderly are the most vulnerable and high-risk groups in terms of health and their health seeking behavior is crucial in any society. Changes have been seen in the age structure of the population due to a steady rise in life expectancy and reduction in fertility. A major component of the burden of illness for the elderly derives from prevalent chronic diseases aim & objectives: To assess morbidity pattern and depression among elderly population in urban area. methodology: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out at the field practice area of the urban health centre, Government Medical College, Srikakulam. The study population comprises all geriatric population aged 60 years and above. A total of 100 elderly were included. They were interviewed in their houses using a predesigned and pretested questionnaire. It includes sociodemographic details, morbidity patterns, and addiction habits. Depression was assessed based on Geriatric Depression Scale 5(GDS-5). Data was entered in MS Excel and analyzed by using SPSS software. results: Out of 100 participants 52 were male and 48 were female. About 72% of the study population have morbidity. The common morbidity found was hypertension 65% followed by Musculoskeletal system 54%, diabetes 43%, cataract 41%, sleep disturbances 24%, injuries or falls 22%, hearing impairment 15%, Forgetfulness 12%, gastrointestinal 14%, respiratory 9%, Cardiovascular 8% and CNS 2% etc. Depression was found among 23% of the elderly population based on GDS-5 scale. 19% of the elderly were addicted to alcohol and 21% were addicted to tobacco chewing or smoking. conclusion: Awareness among elderly population should be created for regular medical check-ups to ensure early detection and prevention of diseases. Hence special geriatric clinics for elderly need to be organized and integrated services should be provided.

Aims and objectives: To assess the role of MRI in • The identification of various forms of Spinal dysraphism. • Characterization of the lesions and associated anomalies. • Giving a composite diagnosis based on specific Imaging findings. Materials and methods: A total of 20 patients who were suspected to have spinal dysraphism clinically and referred for MRI Spine were imaged with 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner, Siemens magnetom avento Syngo (MR D-13) 16 channel machine in the department of Radiodiagnosis. It was an observation study & a total of 20 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were studied Clinically the most common cause for referral was swelling in the back predominantly in Lumbosacral region. The other symptoms were sensory/motor deficit, bladder/ bowel disturbances, spinal curvature deformities, cutaneous features like dermal dimple, hypertrichosis, dermal sinus and capillary hemangioma etc. Results: The most common type of spinal dysraphism is open spinal dysraphism accounting for 80% of the total 20 cases. The most common open spinal dysraphism is Myelomeningocele accounting for 81.25% of the total 16 cases followed by myelocele.Occult spinal dysraphism accounted for 20% of the total 20 cases. The most common type of occult spinal dysraphism is Spinal lipoma accounting for 50% of the total 4 cases. Conclusion: MRI is the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of the soft tissue anomalies of Spinal dysraphism especially spinal cord anomalies.

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), which includes Crohn's Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC), is characterized by chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and a relapsing-remitting disease course. Understanding the risk factors for relapse can help in tailoring management strategies for patients. Methods: This prospective longitudinal study involved 500 patients with IBD, split equally between CD and UC, who were in remission at study onset. Over two years, data on genetic markers, environmental and lifestyle factors, microbiome composition, medication adherence, and psychological stress were collected and analyzed to identify their association with disease relapse. Results: Significant predictors of relapse included the presence of the NOD2/CARD15 genetic marker in CD (28% presence, p < 0.001), smoking (OR 2.9, p < 0.001), highfat diet (OR 2.3, p < 0.001), alterations in microbiome composition (p < 0.001), low medication adherence (HR 3.1, p < 0.001), and high psychological stress (HR 2.7, p < 0.001). These factors were independently and cumulatively significant in multivariable analyses. Conclusion: The study highlights the complex interplay of genetic, environmental, microbial, and psychosocial factors in the relapse of IBD. Addressing these factors through targeted interventions could substantially reduce the burden of disease relapses.

Temperament is a fundamental concept in homeopathy, shaping the individualized approach to treatment. This review explores the importance of understanding temperament in homeopathic practice, considering its historical roots, assessment methods, and its role in case-taking and remedy selection. We delve into the significance of temperament in various medical conditions, emphasizing its place in holistic healthcare. Drawing on a range of scholarly sources, we illustrate how the integration of temperament assessment can enhance the precision and effectiveness of homeopathic treatment.

Aims and objectives: To study the spectrum of MRI findings in suspected cases of Meniscal and cruciate ligament injuries in knee joint .To correlate the MRI findings with arthroscopic findings and determining the accuracy of MRI in diagnosing knee injuries. Materials and method: This analytical cross-sectional study was carried out in the department of Radiology and imaging in collaboration with department of Orthopaedics , ASRAM Medical college and Hospital, Eluru, during the period of May 2022 to March 2023. MRI of knee joint was performed using 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, Seimens magnetom avento syngo (MR D- 13) 16 channel machine on 100 patients referred for evaluation of meniscal and cruciate ligament injuries in traumatic knee joint with arthroscopic correlation . Results: Males commonly encounter knee injuries (82%).Age groups between 20-30 years were injured more (46%).Complete tears of ACL were more common ( 59.4%).Sensitivity and specificity for detection of tears by MRI were found to be 94.74%and 90.32% for Medial meniscus tears and 90.91% and 97.4% for lateral meniscus tears and for ACL tears 97.1% and 86.6% and PCL tears 87.50% and 98.00%.MRI is accurate in evaluation of cruciate ligament and meniscal injuries of knee joint with accuracy rate of 94% for ACL ,98% PCL ,92% for Medial Meniscus and 96% Lateral Meniscus. Conclusion: MRI is highly sensitive and accurate in identification of both ACL ,PCL tears and Medial and lateral meniscus tears . A close correlation was observed between MRI and arthroscopic diagnosis.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:TO study the frequency of occurrence of anatomical variations in nose and paranasal sinus region among patients after medical management with persisting symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis.To know the demographic distribution of anatomical variations of nose and paranasal sinus region. MATERIALS AND METHODS:In this study ,CT scan of paranasal sinus will be carried out on 100 patients clinically diagnosed of chronic rhinosinusitis.Duration of this study is for 2years .Plain CT paranasal sinuses perfomed on GE revolution ACT machine (50 slice). RESULTS:Deviated nasal septum was the most common variation in 62% followed by sphenoid sinus septations in 49%.Other variations found were middle concha bullosa in 43% patients.Paradoxical middle turbinate in 14%,horizontal uncinate process in 43%,over pneumatised ethmoidal bulla in 35%,frontal sinus septations in 31%,superior concha bullosa in 20%,prominent agger nasi cells in 26%,haller cells in 11%,onodi cells in 6%,maxillary sinus septae in 12% and pneumatisation of uncinate process in 5% patients. CONCLUSION:The presence of anatomical variants does not indicate a predisposition to sinus pathology but these variations may predispose patients to increase risk of intraoperative complications.The radiologist must pay close attention to anatomical variants in the postoperative evaluation and provide a road map to surgeon and help avoid possible complications and improve success of management strategies.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine biochemical markers of intraaxial brain tumors using MR spectroscopy.To evaluate role of MR spectroscopy in diagnosing and grading of intraaxial brain with histopathological correlation.To evaluate role of MR spectroscopy in determining the infiltrative nature of the intra axial brain tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 patients with intraaxial brain tumors referred to department of Radiodiagnosis were imaged with 1.5 Tesla MRI Scanner , Siemens magnetomavantoSyngo (MR D-13) 16 channel machine in the department of Radiodiagnosis.Its study of observation cross sectional study & a total of 30 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were studied. RESULTS: Out of 30 patients with intraaxial brain tumors 11 patients are diagnosed with GBM,2 with anaplastic astrocytoma,3 with diffuse infiltrative astrocytoma,2 with oligodendroma,2 with gliomatosis cerebri,2 with ependymoma,2 with mediulloblastoma,1 with metastasis,1 with choroid plexus papilloma and one with lymphoma. CONCLUSION: MR spectroscopy is a reliable method for glioma grading.It is useful in discrimination between WHO grade II and grade III ,IV astrocytomas as well as other intraaxial brain tumors.The spectroscopic MR measurements in the peritumoral region can be used to demonstrate differences in solitary metastases and high grade gliomas and also peritumoral infiltrative nature of certain intraaxial brain tumor.