Background: Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is a potential complication of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with road traffic accidents (RTAs). This study aimed to investigate the correlation between TON and TBI severity and evaluate the fundoscopic changes and visual outcomes in these patients.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 patients with TON following RTAs. The type of TON (direct or indirect) was assessed, and the severity of TBI was categorized based on the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score. Fundoscopic changes and visual acuity were evaluated and compared between TON types and TBI severity groups.Results: Indirect TON was more common (63.3%) than direct TON (36.7%). Direct TON was significantly associated with severe TBI (75.0%), while indirect TON was more prevalent in mild (77.8%) and moderate (76.9%) TBI (p=0.041). Optic disc edema was more frequent in direct TON (72.7%) than in indirect TON (31.6%) (p=0.027). Visual acuity was significantly worse in direct TON compared to indirect TON (p=0.027). Conclusion: The type of TON is significantly associated with the severity of TBI in patients with RTAs. Direct TON is more common in severe TBI and is associated with worse visual acuity and a higher prevalence of optic disc edema compared to indirect TON. Comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation is crucial in patients with TON and TBI to ensure early diagnosis and appropriate management.